【活动】每日一句专业英语句型火热征集中!(有威望相赠)
[size=4][color=darkred]专业英语[/color],[/size]在每个人脑海中,都会有一个大致的轮廓和概念。顾名思义,“专业”意味着有别于一些日常的用语,它应用特定的句式和词语表达富于逻辑的科学现象。专业英语的句式有很多特点,他的结构更严谨,句式更规范,有时显得有点刻板,长句子很多。
对于我们这些母语不是英语的人来说,看英语论文一般问题不大。但是真想写出来地道的英语论文确实需要下很大的功夫。普通英语涉及的文化等因素太多,说出地道的英语确实需要很多切身的经历,很难短时间内提高。
但专业英语的刻板,程式化,也为我们这些人提供了捷径,我们可以抓住它的特点,“机械地”学好它。现实中确实有很多人做到了,而且做得很好。记得以前一个博士师兄,很难说上几句流利的英语,但是一次老板开组会“批他”,“你的论文写得有点太华丽了,比外国人还地道。”其实这句话有两层含义:其一是实批,科技论文与文学作品不同,当过于讲求形式,可能使他的内在受损;其二是对他写英语论文方法的一种肯定。周围人很了解他,他跟我说过,多看英语论文,根据你要写的内容,去找那些你能用上的句子,多综合一下,改一改,就是你的了。其实发几篇SCI paper远比说一口流利的英语来得容易!
英语科技论文的写作,关键是句子!专业词汇太多,很难收集得很全,即使能,也只是豹之一斑,与整体的构架还有距离。篇章段落又太大,很难有完全相似的,否则人可以说你抄袭。但句子就不一样了,别人的原句你拿来用,别人也没法说你剽窃,顶多说你模仿。当你综合多人之长,整理好,可能还高于他们!
不说了,相信真正读过英语论文的,都能体会到,专业英语句式的重要性!
[size=4][color=darkred]希望大家能留下你每天读过的英语论文中精华的英语句式!
将原句和归纳出来的句式写下来,并作适当的解释!![/color][/size]
[size=3][color=green]活动规则和奖励办法:
一天一人限发一个自己认为最好的句式,务必来自自己读的论文!
每篇相关回帖至少有1~5个财富奖励!
5的倍数均有威望奖励(希望对得起这个威望,最好发点经典的)!
根据回帖的质量,可以有1~2个威望奖励!
前十个回帖均有威望奖励!
补:新人第一帖也酌情加威!
[/color][/size] [color=blue]The close linkage between[/color] microalbuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in diabetes [color=blue]is an attractive explanation for the fact that [/color] microalbuminuria is a risk marker for atherothrombosis.
我先来一句 我觉得很有用的句型
[color=crimson]非常好的发帖形式,将相关句式清晰标注出来了,一目了然!
要是能对其进行简单翻译会更好,否则容易由于个别的专业词汇的原因,不同专业可能理解有点问题!
谢谢![/color] support!!!
专业英语的确与日常的用语不同,它要求我们要对难句要多做语法分析,不断地综合运用语法知识等等。
看这个句子:In the long history of metallurgy,the part played by the universities is extremely brief.
如果字面翻译,可能会译为"在冶金学的漫长历史中,大学所起的作用非常短暂。"
其实正确译文应该是"在冶金学的漫长历史中,大学直到最近才发挥作用。"
[color=red]这里做出解释了就很好![/color] 支持一下!
[color=red]In order to find a compound that fulfilled our needs to a better degree than 11[/color],the hypolipidemic effects of some derivatives of 11 were compared.
为了找到一个满足我们要求的,比化合物11更好的化合物,我们比较了11的衍生物的降脂效应。
偶是学药物化学的,这是Journal of Medicinal Chemistry上的一篇文章中的句子,讨论构效关系是药化文章中非常重要的环节,我觉得这个句式挺有用的。 发前感言:
为了能发个有代表性的句式,我把这几天看的PAPER又重新捉摸了一下,确实对我本人的问文章理解来说也是一种促进。争取每天一篇!
Addition of activated carbon (2.5% (w/w)) or FeCl2 (4.4 mM) could counteract the inhibition of ananrobic digestion [color=blue]which was mainly explained by [/color] a reduction of the sulphide content by adsorption to the activated carbon or precipitation as ferrous sulphide.
大概意思是:通过活性炭和FeCl2的投加可以减轻厌养反应的抑制现象,可以解释为抑制物-硫化物被活性炭吸附或者被铁离子沉淀造成的。
句式的普遍性是:试验性现象的解释可能常会用到。 我也来发一个个人认为非常有用的句型:
Moreover, the developmental defects of yuc1yuc4 and yuc1yuc2yuc6 are rescued by
tissue-specific expression of the bacterial auxin biosynthesis gene iaaM, but not by exogenous auxin,[color=red]demonstrating [/color] that spatially and temporally regulated auxin biosynthesis by the YUC genes is essential for the formation of floral organs and vascular tissues.
其大意是:而且,双突变体yuc1yuc4和三倍突变体yuc1yuc2yuc6的发育缺陷能被组织特异性表达的细菌生长素合成酶基因iaaM所回复,但外源添加生长素却不能回复,这个实验证明YUC基因在时间和空间上调节的生长素合成对花器官和维管组织的形成是必须不可少的。
[color=red]这个句型描述实验现象的同时得出了实验结果,非常适用于写文章的摘要。[/color] [color=deeppink]Towards our aim of developing [/color] a conjugate addition of
nitrogen nucleophiles [color=deeppink]using [/color] substoichiometric base for
use in b-amino carbonyl synthesis, [color=deeppink]we focused on [/color] the
conjugate addition of pyrrole (1) [color=deeppink]to[/color] enoates(2).
大概意思是:为了追求这样的一个目标:在Beta位氨基羰基合成中,利用低于化学计量的碱对含氮类亲和试剂加成,我们关注吡唑对enoates(未知) 的加成 A recent study has demonstrated that some antioxidants such as a-tocoferol, ebselen and idebenone significantly reduce hydroperoxide levels and apoptosis in hepatocytes isolated from rats exposed to hydrophobic bile acids.
大意是,最近的研究证实一些抗氧化剂明显减少了过氧化氢水平及肝细胞的调亡。我觉得这个句型很常用,表达大意的时候能套用就很地道了
[color=red]建议把句型用红色highlight 一下![/color] The effect of counterpoise(CP) correction mehtod to the BSSE [color=red] has been taken into account [/color] .
大意是 : CP这种方法对于基组误差修正的影响已经被考虑。 [color=blue]In this review, current knowledge and recent advances concerning[/color] Ca2 and Mg2 reabsorption and related wasting disorders [color=blue]will be discussed in general.[/color]
写综述的常用句型
在该篇综述中 将对钙离子和镁离子的重吸收和消耗紊乱的知识和最新近展进行一般讨论 Consuming the equivalent of two cans of soft drink can boost memory retention [color=red]by a fifth[/color] and combat dementia in older people, [color=red]found[/color] neuroscientists from Glasgow Caledonian University.and it is said people studying for exams could [color=red]benefit from [/color] increasing the amount of sugar in their diet.
大意: Glasgow Caledonian University的神经学家们发现,每天喝下约两罐碳酸饮料就能使记忆力提高五分之一和预防老年痴呆症的发生。同时,饮食中含的糖份增大,也能够给那些为应试而苦读的人带去好处. Type II diabetes is a complex, metabolic disorder [color=red]characterized by [/color] hyperglycemia and subsequent chronic complications leading to renal failure, blindness, and coronary artery disease.
二型糖尿病是一种复杂的代谢性紊乱性疾病,其特征是高血糖,而其继发的慢性并发症会导致肾衰、失明和冠状动脉疾病。
characterized by用于描述某种疾病的特征,挺实用的! [color=orange]A comparative study of the electrochemical behaviour of[/color] several transition metal substituted polyoxotungstates[color=orange] in [/color] acetonitrile solution [color=orange]with[/color] tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate [color=orange]as a supporting electrolyte is presented.[/color]
研究比较了几种过渡金属取代的杂多酸在以四丁基高氯酸铵为支持电解质的乙腈溶液中的电化学行为。
[color=firebrick]注:新人第一帖加威!希望大家理解![/color] However, the material undergoes large departures from stoichiometry at elevated temperatures in a reducing atomsphere with accompanying electronic conductivity.
但是,在高温还原气氛下,这种材料的化学计量比将发生较大偏移,并伴随有电子电导。
undergo departures from stoichiometry 偏移化学计量比
elevated temperature 高温(有逐渐升高的温度的意思)
with accompanying 伴随有。。。 The iaaM gene encodes a tryptophan-2-monooxygenase[color=red] that[/color] catalyzes
the conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetamide,[color=red]which[/color] is then
hydrolyzed to release indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by the hydrolase iaaH.
iaaM基因编码催化色氨酸转变为吲哚-3-乙酰胺的色氨酸-2-单加氧酶,然后水解酶iaaH催化吲哚-3-乙酰胺水解生成吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)。
[color=red]此句型能够清晰的描述一个基因的作用和一个生物化学反应的过程,在生物文章中比较经典。[/color] [color=blue]With regard to [/color] coronary disease in patients with ESRD, [color=blue]it is increasingly apparent that[/color] increased oxidant stress and inflammation are present, [color=blue]and this is reviewed in the following section[/color].
现在越来越多的发现:在有冠状动脉疾病的终末期肾病病人中,氧化应激的增高和炎症是存在的。在下面的章节中,将对此进行评述。
[color=red]加威原因:经典+5的倍数。[/color] The relation [color=blue]between[/color] corals and their algal endosymbionts [color=blue]has been[/color] a key to
the success of scleractinian (stony) corals [color=blue]as[/color] modern reef-builders, [color=blue]but [/color] little is
known about early stages in the establishment of the symbiosis.
珊瑚与共生藻的共生关系是珊瑚成功作为珊瑚礁生态系统建造者的关键因素,但是关于珊瑚与共生藻共生关系早期建立过程了解的却还非常少。
句式完整,通过转折观点鲜明!
[color=red]加威原因:第一帖![/color] Carbon nanotubes [color=red]possess[/color] important properties [color=red]
derived from [/color] a combination of unique dimensional, structural and topological features.
句型的意思是:碳纳米管具有独特的性质是因为结构上一些特殊的原因!
这个句型结构简单,表达清晰!
个人感觉用途很大!
[color=red]加威理由:第一帖![/color] Estimation of the Ejection Fraction in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Obtained from the [u]Combined Index of Systolic and Diastolic Left Ventricular Function[/u]:A New Method
联合运用左室收缩功能与舒张功能指数对心肌缺血患者射血分数的评价:一种新方法
[u]Combined Index of Systolic and Diastolic Left Ventricular Function[/u] 搞心血管临床的应该比较清楚,这里其实就是指Myocardial Performance Index 即MPI,它是这两年才被国内应用的新指标,它好就好在没有直接说Myocardial Performance Index,而是从本质上道出了Myocardial Performance Index的来源和实际意义。这是我老板在给我们讲评时提到的,说虽然简单,但在发文章时非常实用。
[color=red]加威说明:经典+第一帖![/color] [color=red]The objective of this research was to [/color] enhance the anaerobic biodegradability and methane yields from different biowastes (food waste, yard waste, and digested biowaste already treated in a full-scale biogas plant
(DRANCO, Belgium)) by assessing thermal wet oxidation.
大概意思是:本研究的目的是通过湿式氧化前处理方法,提高生物质废物的厌养降解性和甲烷产率。
[color=red]The objective of this research was to [/color],这样则句法在INTRODUCTION部分很常见。
补充一个:[color=red]The aim of this study was to [/color] determine the fate of SRB added to a laboratory reactor。
而且值得注意的是时态,希望大家细细考虑一下论文中时态的问题。以前总是搞得很糊涂何时用过去时,何时用现在时,最近得出一个大致规律,综述前人的一般用现在时,涉及到自己的实验部分多用过去时。不知对否?请高人指教!
哪位对此有心得可以详细写一下!有威望奖励! [color=red]This article reviews[/color] the current state of the art in solvent extraction/evaporation-based microencapsulation technology, [color=orangered]with a focus on [/color] process-related aspects. [color=red]Issues like [/color] materials, microsphere formulation, choice of appropriate solvents or surfactants are [color=red]not central aspects of this review[/color], [color=red]although[/color] technology and starting materials are interconnected and can [color=red]by no means[/color] be segregated completely.
这篇文章综述了目前在溶剂萃取/蒸发法制备微球的工艺,重点放在制备过程方面。虽然工艺和制备材料是相互关联的,决不能完全分开,但材料,微球的制备,适当的溶剂或表面活性剂等问题不是这篇文章的重点问题。
[color=red]加威原因:经典+幸运(5的倍数)+第一次[/color] [color=blue]Although only a very small percentage of people with [/color] primary hypertension will develop CKD, primary hypertension [color=blue]remains the second leading cause of[/color] end-stage kidney disease in the US [color=blue]because of its very high incidence and prevalence[/color]
在说明一种疾病在人群中的重要性时的一种句式
虽然原发性高血压患者只有很少的比例会发展为慢性肾病,但是由于其在人群中的高发病率和患病率,因此,在美国社会中,原发性高血仍然成为终末期肾病的第二大病因。
[color=green]目前唯一每天跟帖的朋友,谢谢![/color] [color=red]By [/color] the molecular techniques [color=red]applied[/color] [color=blue]it was possible to[/color] demonstrate the presence of the SRB in the biofilm for the duration of the co-inoculation experiments.
大意为:通过用应用的分子生物学技术,可以证明硫还原菌(SRB)在共接种试验过程中形成的生物膜中是存在的。
除了[color=blue]it was possible to[/color]这个简单的句式外,值得注意的是[color=red]applied[/color],这种名词后只跟一个被动语态的动词的用法! [color=blue]It is likely [/color] that II/ID individuals have a higher resistance to the development of cardiovascular pathology as a consequence of rigorous training compared to those with a DD genotype,thus being better predisposed to reach the condition of elite athlete.
It is likely 很可能
predispose 需意译为“预先训练”
与拥有DD基因型的人相比,II/ID的人很可能在对抗高强度训练所致的心血管病理学发展方面有更高的功能,因此更能够通过预先训练而达到优秀运动员的条件。 Therefore, [color=blue]to avoid the inherent difficulties associated with[/color]
standard piston-cylinder capsule and welding methods, [color=blue]a simple,
large-volume, cold-sealed capsule technique was devised that [/color] can
be used in a piston-cylinder apparatus for synthesis of fluid inclusions
and any other large-volume hydrothermal experiments.
这是article前言部分提出自己的研究最经典的思路:当前存在什么问题,为了解决这些问题我们提出了一个新的方法。下面就介绍自己的东西了!
思路很好,我认为!
(P.S.:呵呵我来坐24楼,后面的25楼得感谢一下哟,得发经典才对的住我啊!)
[color=red]加威理由:新人新帖![/color] [color=blue]Contrary to [/color] our expectations, the diversity of zooxanthellae is similar for the two genera, [color=blue]indicating that [/color] the mode of symbiont transmission (i.e. maternal versus horizontal) does not affect symbiont diversity in acroporid corals.
与我们期待相反的是在这两个属珊瑚中含有的共生藻多样性却非常相似,这表明在石珊瑚中共生藻的传递模式(母系遗传和水平转移)并不会影响共生藻的多样性。
在表达相反观点时可以用这一句,尤其indicating后面的从句比较经典!
[color=red]加威理由:经典+幸运(5的倍数)[/color] [color=blue]The results,however suggested [/color] that reoxygennation of the cells had not occurred during this period.
可是,那些结果表明在这个期间细胞再氧合作用已不发生。
[color=red]加威理由:新人第一帖![/color] For reasons given above the scheme should be redesigned.
鉴于上述原因,此方案应重新设计.
for reasons given above 鉴于上述原因
for reasons what follows 鉴于以下原因
for this reason 因此
[color=red]加威理由:新人+解释清楚[/color] Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes brain injury [color=crimson]both[/color] acutely and[color=crimson] as the result of [/color] delayed vasospasm. Despite progress in understanding and treating delayed ischemia, acute brain damage [color=red]is the primary cause of [/color] mortality after SAH,
蛛网膜下腔出血可同时导致急性期脑损伤和迟发性血管痉挛引起的脑损伤。尽管对后期出现脑缺血的认识和疗法逐渐明确,急性脑损伤仍是蛛网膜下腔出血致死的主要原因。
这个句型用来论文开头还是不错的
[color=red]加威理由:新人第一帖[/color] [color=crimson]Substituing[/color] (2) into (1), [color=crimson]dropping[/color] higher order terms, and [color=crimson]removing[/color] the prime notation for simplicity, we obtain the linear variable coefficient system F=xyz.
把(2)带入到(1),舍去高阶项,为了简便起见去掉相上的撇号,则得到线性变量系数方程组F=xyz.
substituting, dropping, 和removing 均构成方式状语, 其逻辑主语是we.
给大家一些符号的表示
上标 superscript
下标 subscript
单撇 prime
双撇 double prime
星号 asterisk
括号 brackets, braces
圆括号 round brackets, 或 parentheses
角括号 angled brackets, 或 angle brackets
方括号 squared brackets
大括号 bracket, 或 brace