Risk factors for glaucoma
Do you have any of the following risk factors? If so, you may be at risk of being diagnosed with glaucoma in your lifetime.
Elevated intraocular pressure
Family history of glaucoma
Myopia - nearsightedness
Glaucoma in the other eye
Previous retinal detachment
Trauma to the eye
Diabetes
Pigmentary dispersion syndrome
Narrow angles
Low systemic blood pressure
Migraine headaches or ocular migraines
Raynaud's Syndrome
Blood thickening
Abnormal visual field tests
Unhealthy optic nerve
Corneal endothelial dystrophy
Pseudoexfoliation
Risk Factors and The Odds
Family history increases risk four to nine times
African American race increases risk 3 times (African increases risk 4 times)
Diabetes increases risk two times
Glaucoma in one eye, 29% chance of getting in other eye within five years
People over age 60 are six times more likely than those under age 60
Are You at Risk for Glaucoma
Age:
1. Less than 50 years old (no points).
2. 50 to 64 years old (1 point).
3. 65 to 74 years old (2 points).
4. over 75 years of age (3 points).
Ethnic heritage:
5. African American (2 points).
6. Hispanic heritage (1 point).
Family History:
7. None of my immediate family (i.e., parents or siblings) have glaucoma (0 points).
8. One or both of my parents have glaucoma (2 points).
9. One or more of my siblings have glaucoma (3 points).
10. One or both of my parents and one or more of my siblings have glaucoma (3 points).
11. My last medical eye examination was:
a. within the past two years (0 points).
b. two to five years ago (1 point).
c. more than 5 years ago (2 points).
Add up your score: more than four points is high risk; three is moderate risk; two or less is low risk. All relatives of anyone diagnosed with glaucoma should be examined. 青光眼在亚洲应该已经是首位致盲眼病。
大家要足够重视啊！ 青光眼是全球第二位致盲的眼病，我国原发性青光眼发病率为0.52%，50岁以上人群达2.07%，其中10%的病人因青光眼而失明。因此高度重视青光眼的高危人群，才能做到早期发现，合理治疗，保存有效视力，真正达到人人享有看得见的权利。
首先是年龄因素。青光眼随着年龄增大，发病率增高，闭角型青光眼多在40岁以上，50-70岁最多。开角型青光眼20-60岁之间。近来年轻人工作生活压力大，有增高趋势。
其次是性别和遗传。女性青光眼患病率高于男性，男女比例大约是一比四，开角型青光眼无性别差异。青光眼属于多基因遗传病变，有家族患病史的人占整个发病人群13%—47%。
此外，远视眼、高度近视、高血压、糖尿病、眼外伤病史、高眼压、视盘凹陷大等患者的青光眼发病率也远高于正常人群。
远视是由于眼轴短，前房浅，房角窄，晶体厚的解剖学特征，因此闭角性青光眼发病率远高于正常人群；伴有近视的高眼压人群易发展为开角型青光眼，这是因为高度近视眼球壁硬度低，眼压读数经常在正常范围内，视盘颜色淡，早期诊断非常困难，因此高度近视度数进行性加深时应警惕开角型青光眼发生；45%的开角型青光眼和20%的可疑开角型青光眼患者有明确的高血压病，血压与眼压成正比关系，血压升高，血管压力增大，房水分泌增多，眼压就会升高；糖尿病患者青光眼发病率为12.6%是由于糖尿病易产生新生血管，阻塞小梁网，导致眼压升高；钝挫伤、穿通伤、化学性眼外伤都可能引起青光眼，这是因为外伤易造成虹膜睫状体炎、前房积血、玻璃体积血、晶体脱位、房角后退等，从而引起房角受损，眼压升高；正常眼压在10-21mmHg，如果眼压超过25mmHg，未来5年内，青光眼发病的几率将增高10倍；大而深的凹陷对压力耐受性差，双侧视盘凹陷不对称是后天造成的，且与高眼压有关，凹陷进行性扩大是诊断青光眼的重要指标之一，可发生在视野缺损之前。
还有，长期局部或全身使用皮质类固醇药物亦可发生青光眼，往往眼压升高可发生在激素治疗后数天至数年，由于激素广泛使用及满意的抗炎效果，常常掩盖了无症状眼压升高，直到发现了严重的视功能损害时才被发现。各类眼病，如虹膜睫状体炎、老年性白内障膨胀期及过熟期、眼底血管病变、眼内肿瘤、各种内眼术后以及甲状腺功能低下、心血管疾病、血液流变学异常者和有吸烟、酗酒、喜怒无常、失眠等不良习惯者都可能引起继发性青光眼。
以上高危人群出现下列情况请及时去医院就诊：
1、年轻人经常阅读疲劳，且戴镜后症状不改善；
2、经常眼胀不适、偏头痛；
3、中老年戴镜不合适，频繁更换；
4、暗适应差，夜盲或有色觉改变者；
5、多次眼压均在正常高限者；
6、需要全身、局部使用激素，又处于青光眼高危人群者，用药两周以后应监测眼压。
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