挑战21世纪-zz
挑战21世纪一、你的状态如何？
What phase are you in？
要找工作,就要把握自己的最佳状态。一个人的状态,犹如一位体育运动员,可分为四个时期：起步、发展、成熟和衰退。
I'm always a little puzzled when I hear people complain about the difficulties of finding a good job.
Young people in their 20s (socalled Generation X) express dissatisfaction that all the good jobs have been taken by the baby boomers in their 30s and 40s. Baby boomers, trapped in the middle echelons of the work force, complain about waiting for their elders to make room for them at the top. Older employees worry about being forced out of the job market prematurely by younger people willing to work at entrylevel wages. It's not a pretty picture.
But I don't buy it. In my view differences between generations aren't a problem but an opportunity—if you remember to apply some basic principles of selfmarketing.
Most of us learned from our Marketing 101 textbooks that there are four phases in the life cycle of a product or brand. The names may differ, but essentially the four phases are Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline.
As a manager of highprofile athletes for more than 30 years (most notably Arnold Palmer), I know that these four phases certainly apply to the career and marketability of an athlete.
An athlete's introduction or startup phase is when he or she starts competing, does well and captures the attention of people in the sport.
Introduction turns into the growth phase when the athlete goes from being a promising performer to an established star. That's when everybody wants a piece of the athlete's time and he must stay focused on his primary talent and not get distracted by side issues.
For an athlete, the toughest thing about the mature phase may simply be recognizing that he or she is in it. If you're marketing a bar of soap it's easy to tell if the product is mature. It's there in the stagnant or shrinking sales figures. It's different with athletes. Not only do they think the growth phase will never end, but they often deny that there is any decrease in their athletic skills or marketability, no matter what the numbers say.
The decline phase for an athlete may sound harsh, but it doesn't have to be if he or she thinks of it as a reflective phase. In this phase an athlete can have
tremendous appeal as a legendary figure who functions as an ambassador for his or her sport. (Byron Nelson in golf and Jack Kramer in tennis are two who immediately come to mind.)
If you substitute “employee” for “athlete” in these examples, these four phases apply to any individual's career.
I genuinely believe that whenever people face a career crisis, a big reason is because they're “out of phase”. If they're a 22yearold college graduate who can't find a decent first job, it's not because a generation of 30yearolds got there first. More likely, it's because they don't appreciate what phase they're inand market themselves in the appropriate creative manner.
For example, for years I've been telling recent graduates that the best way to get their foot in the door of the ideal company is to work for almost nothing. It's the right move at the start of a career. For one thing, no manager will turn down a talented, costeffective addition to the staff. Even if it doesn't work out, the cost is minimal. Once you're on the payroll, you're on your way.
And yet not many young people take my advice. They think their college degree entitles them to an honest wage—like everyone else—when, really, in the startup phase they should be doing everything possible to jumpstart their career.
Creative selfmarketing is required, no matter what phase you're in, but the need is surely most acute in the mature phase.
I've always been a tremendous advocate of recruiting older workers. With the massive downsizing of corporate America, there are tens of thousands of talented men and women over the age of 50 who feel shut out of the workplace. To me, these people are a gold mine—not because they are available but rather because they possess the qualities that employees in the introduction and growth phases lack, namely wisdom and experience. People in the mature phase don't have to prove themselves. They're not eager to set the world on fire with costly, harebrained ideas. And since many of them received generous earlyretirement packages, money is not their sole motivation. In other words, they're affordable.
If I were marketing myself in the mature phase, I'd focus on these qualities. Wisdom, experience and affordability make up a potent package. But you can't do that unless you first recognize and fully appreciate the phase you're in.
译文：你的状态如何？
当我听到有人报怨找到一份好工作很难的时候,我总感到有点费解。二十几岁的年轻人(所谓×代)不满所有的好工作都被三四十年代生育高峰出生的人抢走了。生育高峰出生的人,陷在劳动力的夹层中,报怨等着他们的前辈把高层的位置让出来。年老的雇员担心被那些愿意拿入行一级薪水的年轻人挤出劳动力市场。这是一幅不大美妙的图景。
但我并不接受这种描绘。在我看来几代人之间的差异不是麻烦而是一种机遇——如果你记得应用一些自我推销的基本原则。
我们许多人从教科书《推销101》中知道一个产品或品牌的生存期经历四个阶段。名称各不相同,但基本上这四个阶段是：起步、发展、成熟和衰退。做了三十多年声名遐尔的运动员(最著名的阿诺德·帕尔默)们的经理人,我知道这四个阶段当然也适用于运动员的生涯和销路。
一个运动员的入门或起步阶段是他或她开始参赛,表现良好,并引起人们的注意。
当运动员从一个有前途的选手成为站住脚的明星时,他从起步转入成长期。这时每个人都想分得运动员的一段时间,而他必须全力集中于自己的主业而不被其他无关的事情分心。
对运动员来说,成熟期最难的事是承认他或她处在这个阶段。如果你推销一块香皂,很容易发现产品是否在成熟期。销售数字处在停滞或收缩状态。但运动员就不同了。他们不仅认为成长期永远不会结束,而且他们通常否认运动技艺减退或销路下降,不管数字显示是怎样一种状况。
衰退期对运动员来说听起来很刺耳,但如果他或她把它作为反思阶段的话就不会必然如此。在这个阶段,运动员作为一个传奇人物具有巨大的吸引力,他可以担当所从事运动的大使。(高尔夫球手比伦·尼尔森和网球手杰克·克莱默是立即出现在脑海中的两个人。)
如果你用“雇员”代替这些例子中的“运动员”,这四个阶段也适用于每个人的职业生涯。我坚持认为当人们面临职业危机时,一个重大原因是他们“超越状态”。如果一个22岁的大学毕业生找不到体面的头一份工作的话,这不是因为30岁的那一代人先得到了它,很可能是因为他们不了解自己所处的状态——以适当的有创造力的方式推销自己。比如,多年来我一直告诫刚毕业的学生,踏进理想中公司门坎的最佳办法就是一无所求地去工作。这是职业生涯起始阶段的正确举措。因为没有一个经理会拒绝一个有才华,从成本效益上合算的人加入雇员队伍。即使不成功,花费也是最小的。一旦你加入受雇人员名单,你就在职业道路上上路了。但没有多少年轻人接受我的建议。他们认为他们的大学学位使他们有资格像其他人一样拿到一份正当的工薪。其实在起步阶段,他们应该做任何可能的事情去推动他们的职业。
有创意的自我推销是必须的,无论你处在哪一个状态,但在成熟期这种需要就尤其突出。我一贯大力提倡招募老年工作者。随着美国公司的大规模的缩小,成千上万50岁以上才华横溢的男男女女感到被关在工作的大门之外。对我来说,这些人是一座金矿——不是因为他们无处不在而是因为他们具有起步和成长期的雇员们所缺少的素质,即智慧和经验。成熟期的人无须证明自己。他们不急于用昂贵、浮躁的想法让世界发狂。而且因为他们许多人享有数目丰厚的提前退休一揽子福利,挣钱不是他们的唯一动机。换句话说,雇得起他们。如果我在成熟期推销自己,我将强调这些素质。智慧、经验、雇得起构成一系列求职成功的潜在因素。但除非你首先认识并完全接受你所处的状态,你就不会那么做。
二、如何求职
How to find a job
【Jerrodl G. Simon. Ed. D., psychologist and career development specialist at the Harvard Business School, has counseled a great many people in their search for jobs. Here are some practical suggestions he has for getting the job you want.】
1. If you are about to launch a search for a job, the suggestions I offer here can help you, whether or not you have a high school or college diploma, whether you are just starting out or changing your job or career in midstream.
“What do I want to do？”
2. Before you try to find a job opening, you have to answer the hardest question of your working life： “What do I want to do？” Here's a good way. Sit down with a piece of paper and don't get up till you've listed all the things you're proud to have accomplished. Your list might include being head of a fundraising campaign or acting a juicy role in the senior play.
3. Study the list. You'll see a pattern emerge of the things you do best and like to do best. You might discover that you're happiest working with people, or maybe with numbers, or words. Whatever it is. you'll see it. Once you've decided what job area to go after, read more about it in the reference section of your library, “Talk shop” with any people you know in that field. Then start to get your resume together.
Writing a resume
4. There are many good books that offer sample resumes and describe widely used formats. The one that is still most popular, the reverse chronological, emphasizes where you worked and the jobs and titles you held.
5. Your name and address go at the top and also your phone number. What job do you want？ That's what a prospective employer looks for first. If you know exactly, list that next under Job Objective. Otherwise, save it for your cover letter (I describe that later) when you're writing for a specific job to a specific person. In any case, make sure your resume focuses on the kind of work you can do and want to do.
6. Now comes Work Experience. Here's where you list your qualifications. Lead with your most important credentials. If you've had a distinguished work history in an area related to the job you're seeking, lead off with that. If your education will impress the prospective employer more, start with that. Begin with your most recent experience first and work backwards. Include your titles or positions held and list the years.
Figures don't brag
7. The most qualified people don't always get the job. It goes to the person who presents himself most persuasively in person and on paper. So don't just list where you were and what you did. This is your chance to tell how well you did. Were you the best salesman？ Did you cut operating costs？ Give numbers, statistics, percentages, increases in sales or profits.
No job experience？
8. In that case, list your summer jobs, extracurricular school activities, honors, and awards. Choose the activities that will enhance your qualifications for the job.
9. Next list your Education—unless you chose to start with that. This should also be in reverse chronological order. List your high school only if you didn't go on to college. Include college degree, postgraduate degrees, dates conferred, major and minor courses you took that help qualify you for the job you want. Also did you pay your own way？ Earn scholarships or fellowships？ Those are impressive accomplishments.
No diplomas or degrees？
10. Then tell about your education： special training programs or courses that can qualify you. Describe outside activities that reveal your talents and abilities. Did you sell the most tickets to the annual charity musical？ Did you take your motorcycle engine apart and put it back together so it works？ These can help you.
11. Next list any Military Service. This could lead off your resume if it is your only work experience. Stress skills learned, promotions earned, leadership shown.
12. Now comes Personal Data. This is your chance to let the reader get a glimpse of the personal you and to further the image you've worked to project in the preceding sections. For example, if you're after a job in computer programming, and you enjoy playing chess, mention it. Chess playing requires the ability to think through a problem. Include foreign languages spoken, extensive travel, particular interests or professional memberships, if they advance your cause.
No typos please
13. Keep your writing style simple. Be brief. Start sentences with impressive action verbs：“Created,”“Designed,”“Achieved,”“Caused.” Make sure your grammar and spelling are correct, and no typos! Use 81/2”×11” bond paper—white or offwhite for easy reading. Don't cram things together. Make sure your original is clean and readable. Then have it professionally duplicated. Don't make carbon copies.
Get it into the right hands
14. Now that your resume is ready, start to track down job openings. How？ Look up business friends, personal friends, neighbors, your minister, your college alumni association, or professional services. Keep up with trade publications, and read helpwanted ads. Start your own “direct mail” campaign. First, find out about the companies you are interested in—their size, location, what they make, their competition, their advertising, their prospects. Get their annual report—and read it.
No“Dear Sir”letters
15. Send your resume, along with a cover letter, to a specific person in the company, not to “Gentlemen” or “Dear Sir”. The person should be the top person in the area where you want to work. Spell his name properly! The cover letter should appeal to your reader's own needs. What's in it for him! Quickly explain why you are approaching his company (their product line, their superior training program) and what you can bring to the company. Back up your claims with facts. Then refer him to your enclosed resume and ask for an interview.
An interview!
16. And now you've got an interview! Be sure to call the day before to confirm it, meantime, prepare yourself. Research the company and the job by reading books and business journals in the library. On the big day, arrive 15 minutes early. Act calm, even though, if you're normal, you're trembling inside at 65 on the Richter scale. At every chance, let your interviewer see that your personal skills and qualifications relate to the job at hand. If it's a sales position, for example, go all out to show how articulate and persuasive you are. Afterwards, follow through with a brief thankyou note. This is a fine opportunity to restate your qualifications and add any important points you didn't get a chance to bring up during the interview.
Keep good records
17. Keep a list of prospects. List the dates you contacted them, when they replied and what was said. And remember, someone out there is looking for someone just like you. It takes hard work and sometimes luck to find that person. Keep at it and you'll succeed.
译文：如何求职
【教育博士、哈佛大学商学院的心理学家和职业培育专家杰罗尔德·G·西蒙曾对许多求职的人们提出过忠告。这儿是他向你提供的为谋求你所想要的工作的一些实际建议。】
1如果你有意着手寻找一个工作,我在这里所做的一些建议可能有助于你,不管你有没有高中或大学的文凭,也不管你是初出茅庐还是中途改变自己的工作或职业。
“我想干什么呢？”
2在你想寻找一个空缺职位之前,你得先回答你工作生涯中最困难的问题：“我想干什么呢？”这儿有个好办法。安心坐下,取一张纸,直到你列举出你所完成的引以为自豪的全部事情后才起身。你所列举的事情可能包括诸如当过集资运动的头或担任过高年级演出中有趣角色之类的事。
3研究一下这单子,你会看到,在你做得最好并是最喜欢做的事情中显示出某一类型。你可能发现你最乐意做人的工作,或许可能最乐意做数字方面或文字方面的工作。不论是什么,你将会看到这一点。一旦你发现自己应争取的工作领域,你就在图书馆的资料室中多读些有关这方面的材料。同你所熟悉的从事这一领域工作的人们“聊聊行情”。然后一起着手搞你的简历。
写简历
4有很多好书提供简历样板并介绍广泛应用的格式。至今仍最为通行的一种是按年月反向列序的,这是为了强调你工作过的单位,你的职位和你所有的头衔。
5你的名字和地址,还有你的电话号码放在最上面。你要干什么工作？这是你未来的雇主首先要看的内容。如果你已定下了,就把它写在“所申请的工作”这一栏内。要不,你把它留到你的封面书信(后面我还要说到)中,即你为寻求特定工作写给特定人士的信中。在任何情况下,你一定要把你简历的重点放在你能做和你想做的工种上面。
6接下来就是工作经验。就在这儿你列出你的资格。你要把你最重要的证书列在最先。如果你曾在与你所谋求的职业有关的领域有过值得称道的工作经历,那就用这部分内容来打头。如果你的学历更能打动你的未来的雇主,那就用这一点来开头。首先提你最近的经历,接着顺序倒退。要写上你所获的称号和职位,并标上年号。
数 字 不 骗 人
7资格最完备的人并不总是能获得工作。这一幸运属于那些能通过现身说法以及书面材料最有说服力地介绍自己的人们。因此不要仅仅列举你在哪里干过和干些什么,这是让你讲自己干得有多好的机会。你是最好的推销员吗？你削减了生产成本了吗？要提出数字、统计数、百分比、销售上升数或利润数。
没有工作经验怎么办？
8在这种情况下,列举一下你的暑期工作、课外活动、优等生奖和其他奖励。挑选出一些能增强你胜任这项工作资格的活动来。
9接下来提提你的学历——如果你打算把这点列在开头又当别论。这也应按年月反向列序。如果你没有上过大学你仅需提及你所上的中学。要写上大学学位、研究生学位、被授予的日期、所上的主修科与选修科,这些有助于你获得所求工作的资格。还有,你是自费上学的吗？你得到过奖学金或研究员基金吗？这都是些能给人深刻印象的成就。
没有文凭和学位怎么办？
10那么你就谈谈自己受教育的情况：你所接受过的专门培训项目或课程,这些也能使你具备资格。描述一下能体现你才能的业余活动。你曾为年度慈善音乐会推销了最多数量的入场券吗？你曾拆下摩托车的发动机并又装上它终于使车运行了吗？这些事对你有帮助。
11接下来提一提军事方面的经历。如果这是你唯一的工作经历,你可放在你简历的最前面。强调你所学得的技能、所获得的提升、被授予的官衔。
12现在轮到个人资料了。这是一个机会,可让读表的人对你个人获得概括印象,并可进一步完善你在前几项中努力设计的形象。例如,假使你现在谋求的是一个编制计算机程序的工作,而你又爱好下棋,那就要提到这一爱好,因为棋类活动要求具有通盘考虑问题的能力。要提及所能说的外语、遍及各地的旅行、特殊的兴趣或专业性的会员资格——如果这一些能促成你达到目标的话。
切忌打字错误
13你的写作风格要保持简明。写短些。每一个句子都用给人深刻印象的动作动词开始：“曾创造”、“曾设计”、“曾获得”、“曾促成”。要确保语法和拼写正确。并切忌打字错误!应使用81/2”×11”的证券纸——白色的或米色的以便于阅读。不要把各种事情一古脑儿填在一起。一定要做到你的原本明白清楚。然后送交专业人员复印。不要搞复写副本。
全力以赴
14现在简历已经准备好了,就得开始百折不挠的谋求工作空位的活动,如何进行呢？拜访业务上的朋友、私人的朋友、邻居、你的上司、你的大学校友会或职业介绍所。不断注意行业出版物,并阅读征聘广告。要开始你自己的“直邮”活动。首先,要找出你所感兴趣的公司——他们的规模、位置、从事的内容、他们的竞争活动、他们的广告、他们的前景。找来它们的年度报告读一读。
信不要写给“执事先生”
15寄出你的简历,随同简历还加上一份封面书信,是写给公司的某一特定的人的,而不是给“先生们”或“执事先生”的。此人应是你想去工作的那一部门的最高负责人。要把他的名字拼写正确!这一封面书信应投合读你信的人的本人需求。在信中给他写些什么呢？开门见山地说明,为什么你愿进入他的公司(它们的生产线,它们的优越的培训大纲)以及你能为公司做出什么贡献。并以事实供作你这引起要求的陪衬。然后向他提到你所附的简历并请求会面。
一次会面!
16现在已被约会面。在会面前一天要打个电话再次落实一下。同时,你自己要做准备工作。到图书馆读一读书和商业杂志来详细了解这公司和这工作。在那重要的一天,要提早15分钟到达。如果你是正常的话,要表现得镇定,即使你内心有里氏65级的震颤。在每一次机会中,都要让测试你的人明白,你的个人技能和资格与即将担任的工作是符合的。举例来说,如果这是一个推销员职位,你就得使出浑身解数来显示你是多么能言善辩。之后,要做到善始善终,送去一张简短的感谢笺。这是一个很好的机会来再一次显示自己的合格能力并可补充一些你在会面时没有机会表达的重要事项。
保持良好的记录
17列一张可能成为你未来雇主的清单。记下你与他们接触的日期,他们回信的日期以及所说的内容。并记住,这里有某一位正在找一个像你这样的人。要经过艰苦的工作有时还得凭运气才能碰到这一位。坚持做下去,你就会成功。三、21世纪合格人才必备7大技能
Seven skills for
qualified employees in 21st century
Technical and technological skills will take on greater importance. There will be a growing need for people who can understand and fix systems—from computer systems to product distribution systems to plumbing systems.
Visionary skills will be in demand. The ability to gather and absorb a wide range of input, then use that knowledge, understanding, and perspective to guide organizations into future, will be vital.
Numbers and measurement will be important, of course, but smoothing the flow from month to month, from quarter to quarter will be essential for highly profitable longterm performance. Practically every company will have to move away from today's obsession with looking ahead only as far as the next financial reporting period.
Ability to organize will definitely be important in the corporation of the future. Everywhere there will be a need to organize something：resources, workflow, marketing mix, financial opportunities, and much more, all will demand high levels of organization—and reorganization.
Persuasive skills will be used in many ways by the corporation of the future, the mosteffective individuals will be those who how to present information and ideas so that others can understand and support a particular position. Good salesmanship will be essential in many more interactions than we consider today, especially inside the organization.
Communication skills—careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking, and accurate description—will be invaluable. In tomorrow's fastpaced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.
Ability to learn will be above everything else in importanceempowering people to grow in effectiveness and help their companies achieve desired objectives. Some of this skill is innate, but many people enhance their ability to learn—and to relate different aspects of learning—through college and university courses. We believe the liberal arts education experience will prove to be the most valuable type of education for tomorrow's leaders.
The top employees of the coming century will be flexible, creative, and motivated toward making a positive difference in the world. They will seek balance, growth, and fulfillment in both their work and home environments. The corporation of the future must respond to these needs and desires; otherwise they will find themselves hampered by a lack of qualified people to accomplish the organization's work.
——Roger E. Herman Joyce L. Gioia
译文：21世纪合格人材必备7大技能
1技术专长与创新能力——将更加重要。今后将越来越需要在计算机、产品推销和管道工程等方面既懂理论又有实践经验的人。
2想像能力——将是一种需要。这种能力至关重要，它可收集和获取广泛而大量的知识信息，并对其中一些知识、思维方法及观察视角加以借鉴，以便引导公司走向未来。
3数字与计算——固然很重要，但是保证月与月之间的衔接、部门与部门 之间的配合都顺利通畅将是实现长期高效运作的关键所在。实际上，每个公司都必须改变那种只做下一个财政年度计划的错误观念。
4组织能力——在未来的公司的运作中无疑是十分重要的。无论到哪儿，组织工作都是必不可少的，如调拨财力物力、设置工作流程、制定市场营销战略、寻找赢利机会等等，所有这些都需要高水平的组织与改组能力。
5说服能力——将以各种方式在未来公司中发挥作用。工作最有成效的员工将是那些懂得如何表达信息和思想以便能够得到别人理解与支持的人，出色的游说能力在未来更多的人际交往中将是必不可少的，特别是在公司内部。
6交流能力——听得认真、写得明白、看得仔细、说得清楚、叙述准确——将具有无可估量的价值。在未来快节奏的工作环境中，人们惜时如金，容不得半点疏漏。交流障碍很可能成为未来公司致命的问题。
7学习能力——将在上述各种能力中占据最重要的地位，因为它使人能够提高工作效率，帮助自己的公司达到预期目的。这种能力一部分来自个人天赋，当然也有不少人通过接受高等教育提高自己的学习能力和各种知识的融会贯通能力。我们认为，大学文科教育积累的经验将证明是对明天的领导者们最有价值的教育形式。
21世纪最出色的公司雇员将富有灵活性和创造性，并有志于做出不同凡响的创举。他们将在事业和家庭两方面寻求平衡、发展与完善。未来的公司必须对雇员必备技能加以考核，否则，公司的发展就会因工作中缺乏合格人才而受限制。 求职英语方面的文章,
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支持一下!~ 不错阿
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