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1、Variable Fluorescenceof Chlorophyll2、Pisum sativum
3、CO2exchange, variable chlorophyll fluorescence, the intensity of lipid peroxidation (POL), and the
activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of two-week-old pea seedlings (Pisum sativumL.) exposed to 0.01,0.1, and 1 mM aqueous solutions of Cd(NO3)2 for 2 h were studied. Incubation with Cd2+ ions resulted in a reduction of the maximum quantum efficiency of photosynthesis, CO2 uptake rate, and photosystem II (PSII) activity, as assessed byFv/F0 ratio. The intensity of POL in leaves of all treated seedlings was below or close to the control level. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased in all treatments; the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (AP) exceeded the control level only in seedlings exposed to the high Cd2+ concentration (1 mM), and the activity of peroxidase increased at the low concentration (0.01 mM). We found that the reduction in the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus under conditions of 2-h-long Cd2+ -induced stress was not related to an intensification of POL processes. It was concluded that stimulation of the activity of antioxidant enzymes—SOD, GR, AP, and peroxidase—is a pathway for pea plant adaptation to toxic effect of cadmium.
4、The increase in cadmium content in the environment results in a lower growth rate and in changed intensity and direction of many metabolic processes in cells.reduced CO2 uptake and impairment of the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis as well as a lower transpiration rate, water potential, and relative water content in leaves were observed.
5、The value of saturating light intensity was determined by extrapolation of the initial linear part of the light dependency curve to intersection with Amax
6、homogenates
7、The intensity of peroxidation processes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were studied in the homogenates and enzyme extracts from leaves of the control and treated plants.
8、K/Na-phosphate
9、polyvinylpyrrolidone
10、resulting homogenate
11、Optical density was measured in the butanol extract against butanol at 532 and 600 nm。
12、ascorbate
13、glutathione-dependent oxidation of NADPH测定
14、Tetraguaiacol
15、The significance of differences was determined from Student’s t-test at P= 0.95.
16、Peroxidation
17、86% of the control level at the cadmium concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM, respectively
18、units/g fr wt
19、Under conditions of 2-h-long experiment, the observed decrease in the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus may be rather related to general, indirect effect of cadmium ions via changes in the root system and, in particular, due to water stress induced by cadmium.
20、ascorbate–glutathione cycle
21、on the stage of oxidative stress development
22、and peroxidase are involved in the mechanism for plant protection against oxidative stress induced by cadmium
实在是翻译不出来啊,很多词汇都不懂,请大家帮帮忙吧,要赶着交的毕业论文,我都不知道怎么办了 1,可变荧光叶绿素
用金山词霸翻译就行了！你要真不会，邮箱跟我联系！！ 发到我的邮箱里来吧：[email]skyrin@sina.com[/email]
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