点评：Toll-like receptors 是前几年的研究热点。如果您是研究生，做开题报告时，应该查阅过大量文献，对您的研究方向的前沿应该是很了解的了。何不一谈？
我看Toll-like receptors 应该是热点之一吧，尽管我不懂。
TOP25 Hottest Articles - downloaded during April, May and June, 2006 - within the subject area
5th
How Toll-like receptors signal: what we know and what we don't know • Review article
Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 18, Issue 1, 1 February 2006, Pages 3-9
O\'Neill, L.A.
Signal transduction pathways activated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have continued to be a major focus of research for investigators interested in the initiation of innate immune responses and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons during infection. Biochemical details of the major signalling pathways have now been obtained, and the specific signalling pathways activated by different TLRs are being elucidated. New insights into the activation of IRF family members, notably IRF3, IRF5 and IRF7, have been obtained, and interesting spatiotemporal aspects of signalling by MyD88 leading to IRF7 activation revealed. Adapters in TLR signalling are targets for inhibition, both by endogenous regulators and by virally derived proteins. Selective targeting of pathways by anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids also indicates the potential for modulating TLR signalling therapeutically
10th
Toll-like receptor function and signaling • Review article
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Volume 117, Issue 5, 1 May 2006, Pages 979-987
Kaisho, T.; Akira, S.
Mammals sense pathogen invasion through pattern-recognition receptors. A group of transmembrane proteins, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play critical roles as pattern-recognition receptors. They are mainly expressed on antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells, and their signaling activates antigen-presenting cells to provoke innate immunity and to establish adaptive immunity. Each TLR has common effects, such as inflammatory cytokine induction or upregulation of costimulatory molecule expression, but also has its specific function, exemplified by type I IFN-inducing ability. These immunoadjuvant effects are not only critical in antimicrobial immunity but are also involved in manifestations of autoimmunity. Furthermore, some TLR agonists are now promising therapeutic tools for various immune disorders, including allergy. Therefore understanding molecular mechanisms on TLRs should be quite useful in the development of therapeutic maneuvers against allergy and autoimmune diseases.
