其他地方我不知道,法国肯定是不这样做的。我从来没有听说过用粒子种植疗法治疗直肠癌原位复发。一般如果是正规治疗后局部复发的。首先考虑的总是手术补救治疗,或者是系统化疗。如果以前已经有过化疗时,则考虑使用二线的化疗药物,(两月份的新英格兰杂志刚好有一篇过于结直肠癌系统化疗的综述,我还没有来得及看,不过可能对这个题目有些帮助的)。以我的经验,放疗在直肠癌原位复发的作用,大多数局限在姑息对症治疗,止痛止血一类的。
粒子治疗直肠癌原位复发,恕我直言真是闻所未闻。正如天戈所说,粒子的移动对于直肠癌来说很难解决。不像头部肿瘤和前列腺肿瘤,本身这些器官是封闭的不移动的,所以粒子种植后移动的可能性比较小(但已经有了)。这个直肠可是个空腔蠕动器官。肠壁肌肉能够环形纵向收缩,即便粒子种植进去了,我想患者没排便一次,可能都会有使粒子移动的危险。当然如果是Miles术可能危险性小一些。但我始终觉得这是个吃力不讨好的方法。除了增加病人的经济负担,好像没有别的好处。可能我比较保守了,不过我还是希望能看到相关的临床数据再下结论。
对于粒子种植的适应症,我印象中好像只看到过前列腺和脑部肿瘤。脑部肿瘤还没有达成共识只是一些零星的临床试验。前列腺插植到确实是如火如荼。红皮书绿皮书和蓝皮书几乎每期都有相关的文章。美国做得最多,可能接下来是德国,法国刚开始全面铺开。我们科一个医生在德国一个前列腺粒子种植中心参观过,他们一天能做7个前列腺。这个速度真是惊人。因为我们科常规三维治疗,最高峰的记录也就是一个星期7个病人,因为CT模拟排不过来了。我们科插植作了大概不到5年,(去年停了一年由于没有预算),操作是泌尿科医生做得,整个下午才做一个病人,动作那个慢啊,看得我直打瞌睡。
适应症我在另一个帖子里已经说了,早期预后好的:Gleason分级小于7,psa小于10,没有侵犯前列腺包膜,精囊,淋巴结清扫结果阴性或影像学报告阴性。还有一点很重要,体积小于50ml。这个适应症几乎全世界都一样。
我个人认为Interstitial radiotherapy 是局部增加剂量的手段, 适用于病灶局限的病人. 比如, 前列腺癌治疗, 可以使用Interstitial radiotherapy 将局部剂量增加到90Gy以上.
Internal radiation therapy (also called brachytherapy) uses radiation that is placed very close to or inside the tumor. The radiation source is usually sealed in a small holder called an implant. Implants may be in the form of thin wires, plastic tubes called catheters, ribbons, capsules, or seeds. The implant is put directly into the body. Internal radiation therapy may require a hospital stay.
Internal radiation is usually delivered in one of two ways, each of which is described below. Both methods use sealed implants.
Interstitial radiation therapy is inserted into tissue at or near the tumor site. It is used to treat tumors of the head and neck, prostate, cervix, ovary, breast, and perianal and pelvic regions. Some women treated with external radiation for breast cancer receive a "booster dose" of radiation that may use interstitial radiation or external radiation.
Intracavitary or intraluminal radiation therapy is inserted into the body with an applicator. It is commonly used in the treatment of uterine cancer. Researchers are also studying these types of internal radiation therapy for other cancers, including breast, bronchial, cervical, gallbladder, oral, rectal, tracheal, uterine, and vaginal.
Systemic radiation therapy uses radioactive materials such as iodine 131 and strontium 89. The materials may be taken by mouth or injected into the body. Systemic radiation therapy is sometimes used to treat cancer of the thyroid and adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Researchers are investigating agents to treat other types of cancer.