Urology 泌尿科 (mi niao ke)
Urology 泌尿科 (mi niao ke)
Nephr/o, ren/o Kidney 肾 (shen) Nephritis 肾炎 (shen yan) Renal artery 肾动脉 (shen dong mai)
Hydro/o Water Hydronephrosis 肾盂积水 (shen yu ji shui) Hydrophobia 狂犬病 (kuang quan bing)
Cyst/o Bladder膀胱炎 (pang guang) Cystitis 膀胱炎 (pang guang yan) Cystectomy 膀胱切除术 (pang guang qie chu shu) Cystoscope 膀胱鏡 (pang guang Jing)
Pyel/o Renal collecting ducts Pyelonephritis 腎盂(shen yu), 腎炎 (shen yan) Pyelogram 肾盂 X 线(照)片, 肾盂造影照片 (shen yu X xian (zhao) pian, shen yu zao ying zhao pian)
Ur/o, -uria Urine尿 (niao) Polyuria 多尿 (duo niao) 症 (zheng) Anuria 无尿 (wu niao), 无尿症 (wu niao zheng)
Olig/o Scanty, less than normal Oliguria 尿过少 (niao guo shao), 少尿 (shao niao)
-pexy To surgically reattach Nephropexy (surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position) 肾固定术 (shen gu ding shu)
Orchid/o, test/o
Testes (male gonad) 的复数 (de fu shu) Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testes) 隱睾症Orchiditis 睾丸炎 (gao wan yan) Orchidectomy 睾丸切除术 (gao wan qie chu shu), Testicular Cancer 睾丸瘤 (gao wan liu) Testicular artery 睾丸动脉 (gao wan dong mai) Testosterone 睾丸酮 (gao wan tong)
Balan /o Head of the penis 阴茎头 (yin jing tou) Balanitis 阴茎头包皮炎 (yin jing tou bao pi yan)
Andr/o Male Androgenic (stimulating maleness) 雄性单性生殖(xiong xing dan xing sheng zhi) Androgynous (characteristics of male and female appearance) 雌雄同体的 (ci xiong tong ti de),
Prostat/o Prostate 前列腺 (qian lie xian) Prostatitis 前列腺炎 (qian lie xian yan), Prostatectomy 前列腺切除术 (qian lie xian qie chu shu)
Vas/o Vessel, duct 输送管 (shu song guan) Vas deferens (duct from testes) 输精管 (shu jing guan), Vasectomy (cutting the duct) 输精管切除术 (shu jing guang qie chu shu)
- rrhaphy To suture 缝合 (feng he) Herniorrhaphy 疝缝手术 (shan feng shou shu)
Nephrologist 肾脏学家 (shen zhang xue jia)
A physician who is trained to specialize in kidney diseases.
Urologist 泌尿科医师 (mi niao ke yi shi)
A physician specializing in diseases of the lower urinary tract, that is, the bladder and urethra. Also, urology is the profession that takes care of problems of the male reproductive system男性生殖系统 (nan xing sheng zhi xi tong).
Nephrosis 肾变病 (shen bian bing), 肾病 (shen bing)
A noninflammatory disease of kidneys.
Nephrolith (kidney stone) 肾结石 (shen jie shi)
Urethritis (inflamation of the urethra) 尿道炎 (niao dao yan)
The urethra尿道 (niao dao) is the tube that starts at the base of the bladder through which the urine flows out of the body. The urethra in both men and women is basically the same except for its length. In the male, the urethra passes through the prostate gland and then travels through the penis emptying at the tip of the penis. In women the urethra is very short only 2.5 to 5.5 centimeters. The urethra is lined by epithelial and has many glands that empty into it. It is in these glands that bacteria accumulate and can cause infection.
Nocturia 夜尿症 (ye niao zheng), 遗尿症 (yi niao zheng)
This conditions occurs when the patient has frequent getting up and urinating during the night.
Enuresis 遗尿 (yi niao)
Involuntary release of urine, most used in often in reference no the problem of bedwetting. 尿床 (niao chuang), 遗尿 (yi niao).
Cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查 (pang guang jin jian cha)
With the Cystoscopy it is possible to look for abnormalities in the bladder and lower urinary tract. A cystoscopy involves inserting a small tube into the bladder. The doctor inserts the cystoscope 膀胱内部检察镜 (pang guang nei bu jian cha jing) through the urinary opening, into the urethra, and advances it into the bladder. The bladder is drained of urine, and a sample is retained for testing. The bladder is then filled with sterile water 消馘毒的水 (xiao guo du de shui) in order to measure the bladder capacity and allow the doctor a better view of the bladder walls. The doctor carefully examines the bladder, urethra, and in male patients the prostate gland 前列腺 (qian lie xian). Depending on the reason for this procedure, the doctor may use the cystoscope to remove stones, gather biopsy samples 活组织检查 (huo zu zhi jian cha), or to observe and treat diseases of the bladder.
Intravenous pyelogram 静脉注射肾盂造影图 (jing mai zhu she sheng yu zao ying tu)
special X-rays showing the drainage pattern of the kidneys. A dye opaque to X-rays is injected into a vein. After a waiting period for the blood and dye to pass through the kidneys, X-rays can be taken of the collecting system of the kidney, ureter and bladder.
Retrograde pyelogram
逆行肾盂x线照片(ni xing sheng yu X xian zhao pian),逆行性肾盂造影(照)片(ni xing xing sheng yu zao ying pian),逆行性肾盂造影 (ni xing xing sheng yu zao ying)
In this procedure a radiopaque dye (a dye opaque to X-rays) 辐射透不过的 (fu she tou bu guo de) is flushed backwards up the urethra and bladder and up the ureters to the kidneys.
Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) 排泄性膀胱尿道造影照片 (pai xie xing pang guang naio dao zao ying zhao pian)
An X-ray which is displaying the urethra and bladder while urinating 撒尿 (sa naio) and this is done by filling the bladder with a radiopaque fluid 辐射透不过的 (fu she tou bu guo de).
Dialysis 透析 (tou xi), 分离 (fen li)
A procedure for cleansing the blood of waste products in patients with complete kidney failure 肾衰竭 (shen shuai jie) or who have had both kidneys腎臟 (shen zang) removed by surgery.
Hypospadias 尿道下裂 (naio dao xia lie)
Literally the term hypospadias means “below the fleshy spike”. This is a birth defect of the male urethra尿道 (niao dao). The normal male urethral opening is at the Glans penis龜頭 (gui tou) which is the tip or end of the penis this opening is called the external meatus 尿道外寇 (niao dao wai kou). Hypospadias is a defect in which the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis 阳物 (yang wu) instead of on the tip. Hypospadias may be a mild defect (with the urethral opening slightly out of place, near the tip of the penis) or severe (with the urethral opening farther down the shaft of the penis).
Hydrocele
水囊肿(shui nang zhong),阴囊水囊肿(ying nang shui nang zhong),睾丸鞘膜积液(gao wan shao mo ji ye)
A hydrocele is a fluid filled sac partially surrounding the testis. Manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum 阴囊 (ying nang).
Varicocele 精索静脉曲张 (jing suo jing mai qu zhang)
Varicocele is an enlargement of the Veins of the Spermatic Cord 输精管 (shu jing guan), which is also called the Vas deferens. This manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum 阴囊 (ying nang) which looks and feels like a “bag of worms”. It is a group of dilated 扩大的 (kuo da de) and twisted veins of the testis. Varicocele can be causing infertility problems 不孕症 (bu yun zheng) due to oligospermia 少精的 (shao jing de) and hypomotility 运动不足 (yun dong bu zu) of spermatozoa 精子 (jing zi).
Cryptorchidism 隐睾病 (ying gao bing)
Literally “hidden testicle”. A condition where there is a failure for one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. If not corrected by surgery, before puberty青春期 (qing chun qi), can lead to sterility不毛 (bu mao) and increased risk of testicular cancer 睾丸癌 (gao wan ai). Incidence is one out of three premature過早破膜 (guo zao po mo) 早产 (zao chan) male births, and one out of thirty full term足月產 (zu yue chan) male births.
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) 良性前列腺肥大 (liang xing qian lie xian fei da)
Swelling of the prostate gland which surrounds the base of the male bladder and urethra causing difficulty urinating 小便 (xiao bian), dribbling漏泄 (xie lou), and nocturia夜尿症 (ye niao zheng).
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
经尿道切除(前列腺) (jin niao dao qie chu), 经尿道(前列腺)切除术 (jing niao dao qie chu shu)
The surgical cure for BHP良性前列腺肥大 (liang xing qian lie xian fei da). An instrument called a resectoscope 前列腺切除器 (qian lie xian qie chu zheng) is inserted through the penile urethra and a cutting blade on the end removes the inner part of the prostate compressing the urethra. This is done to relieve the obstruction of the urinary tract that is caused by BPH.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
前列腺特异性抗原(qian lie xian te yi xing kang yuan),前列腺特异抗原( qian lie xian te yi kang yuan)
PSA is a marker protein for prostate cell secretions, which can be detected with a test. A rising PSA may be an early sign of prostate cancer 前列腺癌 (qian lie xian ai), although there may be other causes including false positive tests.
Sexually transmitted Diseases STD’s
AIDS and HIV Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV 爱滋病, 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症, is a virus that attacks the immune system resulting in AIDS.
Chancroid 软性下疳 A treatable bacterial infection that causes painful sores.
Chlamydia 衣原体 A treatable bacterial infection
pediculosis pubis多虱的 Also known as Crabs, parasites parasite 寄生虫, 食客or bugs that live on the pubic hair in the genital area.
Gonorrhea gonorrhea淋病 A treatable bacterial infection of the penis, vagina or anus that causes pain, or burning feeling as well as a pus-like discharge. Also known as "the clap".
Hepatitis B A disease that affects the liver. Can cause Hepatocellular Carcinoma肝细胞的 癌科
Herpes Genital herpes疱疹is a recurrent skin condition that can cause skin irritations in the genital region (anus, vagina, penis).
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 碟耳长毛玩赏小狗 Human papillomavirus also called Genital Warts is a virus that affects the skin in the genital area, as well as a female's cervix. Depending on the type of HPV involved, symptoms can be in the form of wart-like growths, abnormal cell changes, and Cervical Cancer..
Molluscum Contagiosum A skin disease caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) usually causing one or more small lesions/bumps. MCV is generally a benign infection and symptoms may self-resolve. It is believed to be a member of the pox virus family.
Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis滴虫病, 牛毛滴虫病is caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis. The parasite is sexually transmitted through penis-to-vagina intercourse or vulva-to-vulva (the genital area outside the vagina) contact with an infected partner.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease An infection of the female reproductive organs by chlamydia, gonorrhea or other bacteria. Also known as PID.
Scabies scabies疥疮 Scabies is a treatable skin disease that is caused by a parasite. Sarcoptes scabiei, often called scabies or mites. The female parasite burrows under the skin and begins laying eggs within a few hours of infection and continues to lay 2 to 3 eggs daily.
Syphilis syphilis梅毒 A treatable bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body and affect the heart, brain, nerves.
Vaginitis vaginitis阴道炎
鞘炎 Caused by different germs including yeast and trichomoniasis, vaginitis is an infection of the vagina resulting in itching, burning, vaginal discharge and an odd odor.
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